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APA Help (7th Ed)

Format Your Paper

APA Paper Template

Paper Sections

Capitalization

When to capitalize?

  • Capitalize names (see Proper Nouns)
  • Capitalize brand names (Examples: Tylenol, Kleenex) but do not capitalize generic names (Examples: acetaminophen, tissues)
  • Capitalize job titles before the name, but not after (Examples; "..speech by Davenport's President Pappas," "Dr. Rick Pappas, president of Davenport University...", Dr. Joe Bishop, executive director of campus life)
  • Capitalize racial and ethnic groups (Examples: Black women, First Nations, White, Asian American)
  • DO NOT capitalize diseases, disorders, therapies, treatments, theories, concepts, hypotheses, principles, models, and statistical procedures (just personal names that might be found in them) (Examples: autism, Down syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, law of effect, cognitive behavior analysis) (see more)
  • DO capitalize tests, measures, inventories, and checklists only capitalize the word test, measure, inventory, or checklist if it is part of the name of it (Examples: MMPI-2 Depression scale, Apgar test, Stroop Color-Word Interference Test, California Psychological Inventory)

What is title case capitalization and what is sentence case capitalization?

In Title Case capitalize: In Sentence Case capitalize:
All major words (words of four letters or more), including 2nd word of hyphenated major words First word of title, subtitle, or heading
Minor words (words of three or fewer letters) ONLY when first word of title or sub-title or after punctuation in a heading First word after punctuation
Titles of articles, books, and reports in the text of your paper (not References list) Titles of articles (not journal/magazine/newspaper titles), books, reports, & webpages in your References list
Titles of periodicals  –  journals/magazines/newspapers (not article titles) in your References list  
Proper nouns Proper nouns
Titles of tests, measures, inventories Nouns followed by numbers or letters
Title of your own paper on the title page  
Headings level 1-5 in your paper  
Table and figure titles Table column headings, entries, and notes; figure notes

 

References: Title Formats

Article Title

  • Capitalize first word of title, subtitle, proper nouns
  • example: Toughing it out at Harvard: The making of a woman MBA

Book & E-book Title

  • italicize
  • Capitalize first word of title, subtitle, proper nouns
  • exampleStudent cheating and plagiarism in the Internet era: A wake-up call

Dissertation / Theses Title

  • italicize
  • Capitalize first word of title, subtitle, proper nouns
  • exampleOn the fourfold root of the principle of sufficient reason

Report & Technical Paper Title

  • italicize
  • Capitalize first word of title, subtitle, proper nouns
  • exampleHow do we read? Let’s count the ways: Comparing digital, audio, and print-only readers

Periodical (Journal, Magazine, Newspaper) Title

  • italicize
  • Capitalize All Major Words
  • exampleBusiness and Economics Journal

Website & Webpage Title

  • italicize
  • Capitalize first word of title, subtitle, proper nouns
  • exampleFoods that can cause food poisoning

Work of Art Title

  • italicize
  • Capitalize first word of title, subtitle, proper nouns
  • exampleGirl with a pearl earring

Italics only apply to:

  • book and e-book titles
  • periodical (journals, magazines, newspapers) titles
  • website / webpage titles
  • dissertation / theses titles
  • report / technical paper titles
  • work of art titles

Content adapted from University of Maryland Global Campus, "APA 7th Edition Citation Examples: Titles".

Videos: Format Your Paper

 

APA 7: Basic Page Formatting

APA 7: Basic Page Formatting

 

APA 7: Header Formatting

APA 7: Header Formatting

 

APA 7: Title Page Formatting

APA 7: Title Page Formatting

 

APA 7: Abstract Formatting

APA 7: Abstract Formatting

 

APA 7: References Page Formatting

APA 7: References Page Formatting

APA 7: Annotated Bibliography Formatting

APA 7: Annotated Bibliography Formatting

APA 7: Headings on a Complex Table

APA 7: Headings on a Complex Table

Figures & Tables

Table Elements: Label and sequential number ('Table 1') is at the top, left in bold and capital letters. Directly underneath is the table title, capitalized and italicized ('Descriptive Statistics and Correlations for Study Variables'). Directly underneath is the table body. Underneath this are the footnotes from the table.
Table Elements: (1) Label & Sequential # [e.g. Table 1], (2) Table Title [e.g. Descriptive Statistics and Correlations for Study Variables], (3) Table Body, (4) Table Notes

 

Figure or Table?

Figure or Table?

 

Figure & Table Placement

Figure & Table Placement

 

Table Formatting: Label, Title, & Body

Table Formatting: Label, Title, & Body

 

Adjusting Your Table Formatting

Adjusting Your Table Formatting